Caring for Dementia

Late-stage dementia varies for each person; some may sleep all day, some may wander aimlessly, and others may be withdrawn. In many cases, aphasia sets in during late-stage dementia, making it challenging to understand and find words. Communicating with them may require relying on tone and body language rather than words. Even in end-of-life or late-stage dementia, it’s crucial to provide stimulation. Here are some ideas to stimulate those in late-stage dementia:

1. Singing

Whether you’re actively reading the lyrics, have them memorized, or simply encouraging individuals to tap their fingers or toes along with the rhythm, you are not only creating a musical experience but also promoting cognitive stimulation. This engagement with music can tap into emotional memories and enhance the emotional and mental well-being of individuals.

Tips: Utilize familiar music, selecting songs they would have known “off by heart” from their earlier years. Encourage them to sing along, tap their toes, or if unable to engage in those activities, softly touch their arm and sing to them while maintaining eye contact. Singing aims to evoke emotional response and create a meaningful and emotional connection.

2. Montessori tasks

You can incorporate Montessori tasks, including sorting colours, matching shapes, and engaging in dexterity and precision activities. These tasks contribute to maintaining functional movement and basic intellectual skills, such as following directions and sequencing tasks. Implement simple activities with 2 or 3 colours/shapes, provide clear instructions, and adapt each activity based on their cognitive and physical functioning. To learn more about how to set-up a Montessori environment click here.

3. Sensory activities

In the late stages of dementia, individuals might exhibit increased hand movements and fidgeting, a compensatory behaviour for other lost abilities. Providing various textured items can be beneficial. These items are designed to evoke different responses to each texture, often leading to noticeable changes in facial expressions or body language as they explore the items. Actively encouraging conversation about the items they are feeling can enhance understanding and the sensory experience.

Tip: Due not use hard, small items that may may take off and put in their mouth. Please note that sensory aprons and sensory lap blankets can be a potential choking hazard, depending on what is on them.

4. Hand massages

Individuals in the later stages of dementia often experience limited soft touch, particularly in long-term care settings with staff constraints. Accustomed to dependency for basic activities, such as bathing or toileting, they may lack regular therapeutic touch. Dedicate a few minutes each day to offer a soothing hand massage; even if they don’t favour the massaging motion, a simple act like holding their hand can provide relaxation. These calming and therapeutic engagements not only stimulate the senses but also contribute to an improved mood.

5. Aromatherapy

Aromatherapy can offer significant benefits for individuals with dementia. The gentle and soothing scents of essential oils have the potential to evoke positive emotions, reduce anxiety, and promote relaxation. Specific aromas, such as lavender for calming effects or citrus scents for revitalization, can be tailored to address individual needs. This non-invasive approach engages the senses, providing a sensory-rich experience that may enhance mood, improve sleep, and create a more comfortable environment.

While aromatherapy can have positive effects, it’s important to be mindful of potential risks, especially for individuals with certain health conditions or sensitivities. Some essential oils may trigger allergic reactions or skin irritation, and others might interact with medications. The potency of certain oils could be overwhelming for those with heightened sensitivities. To ensure a safe and beneficial experience, it’s advisable to use essential oils cautiously, opting for well-diluted forms when applicable. Please note that putting pure essential oil directly on the skin can cause burns, pure essential oil has the ability to eat through plastic.

6. Functional Tasks

In the late stages of dementia, certain routine tasks may not be entirely forgotten. Embracing the opportunity for engagement, consider activities like folding laundry, matching socks, drying dishes, or cleaning surfaces. Use soft fabrics like dishcloths or square garments for folding, and provide plastic dishes for washing. Prioritize non-toxic soaps to maintain a safe environment. It’s important to focus on tasks that evoke positive responses, presenting them as meaningful activities rather than chores. Inviting their assistance and making the process enjoyable can transform household chores into purposeful and enjoyable moments.

7. Baby Doll Therapy

Individuals with altered perception may struggle to distinguish reality. Providing baby dolls proves to be therapeutic, as many engage with these dolls as if they were real babies. When offering a resident a baby doll, mimic the actions of caring for a real infant – cradle it, gently touch its face, and create a shared reality. Participate in their world by assisting with activities like changing the baby or giving it a bath in a basin. Baby dolls serve as therapeutic companions for those in moderate to late-stage dementia, offering comfort and a sense of connection. (Also explore joy-for-all companion pet for additional options.)

It’s important to note that late-stage dementia varies significantly from person to person. Some individuals may engage in walking and muttering non-sensible language, while others lay in their bed, gazing and reaching for objects. Each person and experience is unique, which means each strategy must be personalized and unique.

If you have any stimulating activities you have tried and are successful, please include in the comments below so we can give them a try !