Caring for Dementia

Understanding the challenges faced by individuals with dementia involves acknowledging the progressive deterioration of their brain cells, which unfortunately lack the capacity for rejuvenation. A diagnosis of dementia typically represents a continuous decline, emphasizing the need for extensive support. To effectively assist those affected, it becomes imperative that we undergo a shift in our communication approach. By willingly adapting our methods, we not only enhance our ability to comprehend better, but also contribute to a more supportive and empathetic environment.

1. Do not use the word “Remember”

You will see this tip as number one in all the “What not to do with dementia” lists. When communicating with individuals who have dementia, it’s important to avoid asking about their memories, both recent and distant. We must recognize that the frustration arising from memory challenges often leads to responsive behaviours in dementia. These behaviours serve as coping mechanisms for the varying degrees of memory loss associated with dementia’s progression. By acknowledging the emotional impact tied to memory difficulties, we can adjust our approach and communication by refraining from using the word “remember”.

We must recognize the significant role the hippocampus plays in memory functions. When the hippocampus experiences deterioration, it impacts the ability to store and retrieve memories effectively. As this brain region weakens, individuals may encounter challenges in recalling both recent and distant memories. The term “remember” can unintentionally evoke frustration or agitation, as it prompts a cognitive task that aligns with the persons limitations.

2. Speak in short, clear sentences

When supporting individuals with dementia, clear communication is important. When discussing preferences like meals or clothing, it’s essential to simplify choices. Instead of offering too many options, present two or three options. This acknowledges and adapts to cognitive capacities, making decision-making easier.

Clear and effective questions are essential. Yes-or-no questions work well for better understanding. Unlike open-ended queries such as “What’s your favourite music?” which might be challenging, using a yes-or-no format like “Do you like country music?” simplifies the cognitive task. This provides the correct cues to be able to understand the question effectively. This communication strategy aims to recognize and respect the cognitive limitations associated with dementia. The goal is to create an environment that promotes ease and comfort in interactions.

3. Use expressive gestures

Incorporating expressive gestures and body language proves valuable, offering non-verbal cues that complement spoken words. This is particularly vital for individuals with dementia, who often prioritize interpreting body language and tone before processing verbal content. Gestures, such as an exaggerated wave hello or a comforting hand on the shoulder, play a role in further understanding an interaction. Expressive movements alongside an open posture conveys positivity and enthusiasm, and also enhances the likelihood of effectively conveying the intended message.

4. A Soft touch

A gentle contact to the back, shoulder, or knee can play a key role in capturing attention or emphasizing crucial keywords during verbal exchanges. When individuals display signs of distraction or disengagement by staring off, a touch on the shoulder serves as an effective tool to redirect their focus back to the ongoing conversation.

A soft touch, like gently placing a hand on the forearm while interacting, provides comfort and enhances emotional connection. This intentional use of touch contributes to creating a deeper level of understanding between the communicator and the individual.

Recognizing the potential benefits of touch, it’s equally important to be mindful of individual preferences. Some individuals may not feel comfortable with physical contact, requiring time to warm up to such interactions. A person-centered approach emphasizes respecting and adapting to individual needs and boundaries. Therefore, incorporating touch should be done with attentiveness, ensuring the comfort and consent of the individual.

5. Do not react emotionally to their behaviour

In situations where a loved one with dementia exhibits signs of aggression or agitation, maintaining a composed and level-headed demeanor is of utmost importance. Recognizing that individuals with dementia often respond more to tone and emotional cues than the specific words, an approach to de-escalate the behaviour demands a focus on calmness. When aiming to diffuse heightened emotions, it’s imperative to sustain a relaxed disposition, using a soft and soothing voice while refraining from reacting to their actions or words.

Effectively de-escalating a situation involves using positive and supportive language that guides towards a more constructive focus. Steering negative thoughts towards more positive aspects becomes a valuable tool in this process. It’s critical to refrain from emotional reactions, as responding emotionally may inadvertently intensify agitation.

6. DoN’t speak about the person like they’re not there

A source of frustration in my professional experience is when colleagues or family members discuss individuals with dementia as if they’re not present, even when they’re nearby. It’s important to recognize that every person, regardless of cognitive challenges, deserves the autonomy to make choices and contribute to decisions about their care. This extends to simple yet impactful choices, like allowing them input in selecting their outfits. Recognizing and respecting the individual with dementia is fundamental to providing person-centered care.

TO DO:
Caregiver: Would you like to wear the pink blouse or the yellow blouse?
Pull both shirts out and have them in front of the person with dementia, encourage them to say the colour, or point to which shirt they would like.

DO NOT DO:
Care Worker: What colour of shirt for mom today?
Daughter: “Yellow”.

If you have any tips of tricks that have been successful for you, comment below so we can give them a try.